Children’s learning needs Essay

As an early years practitioner it is your job to ensure that you meet children’s learning needs and understand and work with all children’s learning needs. It is important that you provide different kinds of opportunities also focus on individual children’s learning needs each and every child is unique and all learn at different rates. When in a setting it is important that you plan an enabling environment that children will find challenging but will allow them to learn in different areas. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is a legally-binding international agreement setting out the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of every child, regardless of their race, religion or abilities. The (UNCRC) was brought together to focus on children’s rights, it is there to show that children’s have rights and their safety is priority as they are more vulnerable. The (UNCRC) states that all children’s wants and learning needs should be met, also it has 5 core rights these being;- The right to life The right to his or her own name and identity The right to be protected from abuse or exploitation The right to an education The right to having their privacy protected To be raised by, or have a relationship with, their parents The right to express their opinions and have these listened to and, where appropriate, acted upon The right to play and enjoy culture and art in safety The (UNCRC) has two main articles that state that children have the right to an education so as a practitioner it is your job to ensure that you are meeting the educational needs for the children within your setting. (Article 28- Right to education)Every child has the right to an education. Primary education must be free. Secondary education must be available to every child. Discipline in schools must respect children’s dignity. Richer countries must help poorer countries achieve this. (Article 29-Goals of education) Education must develop every child’s personality, talents and abilities to the full. It must encourage the child’s respect for human rights, as well as respect for their parents, their own and other cultures, and the environment. https://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Publication-pdfs/betterlifeleaflet2012_pr  ess.pdf When in a setting it is important that you ensure that you and parents are working together to ensure that that child is learning the best possible way. It is key to ask parents to encourage their children and help their child out at home. As a practitioner it is your job to ensure that all children are learning some that you can do is send things home for the parent and child so they can learn and have fun at the same time. As an early years practitioner you will recognise that children’s play is closely linked to their learning and development. Children learn in so many different ways but you will notice that they learn mainly through play. When children are able to do many different activity’s that allows them to lean but have fun at the same time thy will find what they are doing fun and will engage the children. It is important that when in you your setting you set up a variety of educational activity’s this way the children will be able to choose freely what they want to do. Play is essential to every part of children’s lives and is important to their development. It provides the children with different ways of doing things children will want to explore and learn new things. The Early years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is a piece of frame work that relates to children from birth to five years old and id there to ensure that every child has the best possible start to in life and to make sure that all children are given support that enables them to fulfil the potential. It is important that as a practitioner you understand that children develop quickly and the children’s experiences between birth and age five have a major impact on their future lives. The EYFS specifies requirements for learning and development and for safeguarding children and promoting their welfare. The learning and development requirements cover: The Seven Areas Of Learning And Development which must shape activities and experiences (educational programmes) for children in all early years settings which are described below; The Early Learning Goals that providers must help children work towards. The goals summarise the knowledge, skills and understanding that all young children should have gained by the end of the Reception year, ie. the year that they turn five years old; Learning Goals. Assessment Arrangements For Measuring Progress when and how  practitioners must assess children’s achievements, and when and how they should discuss children’s progress with parents and/or carers. The Safeguarding and Welfare Requirements cover the steps that providers must take to keep children safe and promote their welfare. http://www.harwoodnursery.com/page_10.html Learning and development requirements There are six areas covered by the early learning goals and educational programmes: Personal, social and emotional development Communication, language and literacy Problem solving, reasoning and numeracy Knowledge and understanding of the world Physical development Creative development. http://www.playengland.org.uk/media/130519/eyfs-ofsted-childcare-register-summary.pdf There are many different theorists that relate to children’s play and provide the importance of it one of the theorists being Lev Vygotsky, Vygotsky believed that imaginative play was crucial to a child’s normal development also he believed that play and activity gives children much keener experiences of pleasure than play. He saw that play was important to a child he said that early years play built the foundations of a child’s early life due to the child being able to learn from all the different kinds of activity’s he stated that there was many different kinds of things that would act as the stepping stones of the child’s future development. â€Å"In play a child’s always behaves beyond his average age, above his daily behaviour. In play it is as though he were a head taller that himself.† https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=lev+vygotsky+quotes+on+play http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/1721196.stm Bibliography- https://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Publication-pdfs/betterlifeleaflet2012_press.pdf http://www.harwoodnursery.com/page_10.html http://www.playengland.org.uk/media/130519/eyfs-ofsted-childcare-register-summary.pdf http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/1721196.stm https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=lev+vygotsky+quotes+on+play

Employment and Flag Question

List ONLY Southeast b. List each school separately, spelling out the complete and full name of all institutions c. List only your highest education Incorrect d. None of these The correct answer is: List each school separately, spelling out the complete and full name of all institutions Question 4 Hag question When listing items in the Experience section of your resume you should: a. Only list the experiences you liked b. List items in reverse chronological order, beginning with your most recent experience Correct c. List items in chronological order, beginning with the first experience you had d.Only list experiences which were a minimum of one year in length The correct answer is: List items in reverse chronological order, beginning with your most recent experience Question 5 If need to send in my resume immediately, is it okay to send it without checking for errors? True False Correct The correct answer is ‘False'. Question 6 Job Task items within my Experience section should have the following characteristics: a. Displayed in a bullet point format b. Each begin with a strong action verb c. Each are relevant to the position you're seeking d. All of the above Correct The correct answer is: All of the aboveQuestion 7 Your resume serves as a guide to your personality, goals, skill sets, and experience. A resume can determine whether you'll get an interview or not. Your resume needs to have the following: (select the best answer) a. Relevant personal data such as name and contact information. B. Work history (include internships, part-time work, etc. ) c. Educational background. Question 8 How should I list my responsibilities in my work history? A. Write down everything did in a brief paragraph under the position b. Use brief bullets to list the things I did that meet the requirements for the job I'm applying for c. E action verbs to describe my experience d. B & C Correct The correct answer is: B & C Question 9 The Experience section of your resume should : a. Be truthful b. Include complete employer names c. State specific position titles Question 10 Why should I avoid using resume templates? A. They can be difficult to personalize and may not upload correctly to employer job sites b. They do not appear professional c. They only allow the user to utilize one font style d. All of the above Incorrect The correct answer is: They can be difficult to personalize and may not upload correctly to employer job sites Question 11Should always submit the same resume for each position I apply for? A. Yes, because it contains my entire work history. B. No, because my resume will consistently be updated and should be adjusted to the different positions I apply for. Correct c. Yes, because it is easier to do it that way. D. None of the above The correct answer is: No, because my resume will consistently be updated and should be adjusted to the different positions I apply for. Question 12 speak several foreign languages. Should I list them on my res ume? A. I should always list any foreign languages know and provide my level of proficiency for each .

Adoption Essays - Family Law, Family, Human Development, Free Essays

Adoption Adopting a child is an experience that promises to bring great joy as it changes a couple or individual?s life forever. But what happens if the mother of that child wants to endorse their child? Those are the issues that many adopting parents and birth-right mothers are facing today. Many biological mothers want their child back. There are many concerns for adopting parents to know- that there is the possibly that the birth mother may file for the child. As a birth mother or the adopting parent one must realize consequences that could lay ahead. The legal and social transfer of all parental right, responsibilities, and roles from one parent or parents, usually biological, to a nonbiological parent or parents is the definition of adoption. In such a transfer, adoptive parents accept the same rights and responsibilities as the child?s birth parents would have had, while the child becomes a member of a family that provides the social, emotional, and physical nurturing that children needs to grow up to be healthy, functioning adults. But there are some legal issues or opinions that can lead to a halting backfire in the adoption process. But, as the biological parent(s) and adopting parent(s), they must be ready for the quickly, approaching pros and cons. Throughout the adoption journey, the gardein must be prepared and know what is best for them and their child. There are many positive feedbacks to adoption. Children are in need of adoption because some birth parents are unable or unavailable to provide adequately for the needs of their child. Birth parents may feel they cannot take on the responsibility of an unplanned child because they are too young or because they are financially or emotionally unable to provide proper care. They do not feel ready or able to be good parents. Most adopting parents, although, feel confident that most birth-right mothers will not seize their child back. Chris Intagliata, a mother of two adopted children advises that ? It [is] important to ask yourself what you can handle. If you feel you can handle everything, that?s a good attitude.? Those are important notions adopting parents must do. Most of the time adopting parents can handle the task but some times it backfires when the biological mother or c ouple want the baby back. Statistics show that the vast majority of independent adoptions in California are completed without a hitch; less that 2 percent are even contested. But when an adoption is contested, the anguish felt by both the adoptive and birth parents is unimaginable. Linda Ribordy, a family specialist who represented a birth mother in a legal case says that ?if a birth mother changes her mind, it?s automatic that they get the baby back.? But the adopting parents feel furiously and emotionally different. ?We have no legal status, no legal rights, none,? says Inger Bischofberger. ?But he calls me Mama. The only thing that keeps me going is that I can?t turn my back on him, I can?t just walk away from him because all the grownups in his life have messed up.? Birth mothers shouldn?t gain their child back if they are not financially ready. Usually greed and emotions will stand in there way and they will want their child back. But many children as they grow older question, asking - ?Why me or ?Why did my mom put me up for adoption Sometimes the biological mother might fell that her child will hate her as he/she grows older and never visit her. The birth mother should really think about adoption seriously before putting the child up or before trying to regain their child back. The process is both financially and emotionally critical. The lesson learned in the issue of adoption is not to have a child. Whether it is premarital sex, age, or financial or emotional problems- one must be prepared for the consequences ahead.

The Sensual Culture Reader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Sensual Culture Reader - Essay Example The rise of consumer capitalism initiated several great changes within Western societies. One such transformation was the shifted emphasis from production to distribution, as the distributor got a higher role than the manufacturer and the consumer, because the growing production requires adequate sales. Therefore, it has become necessary to spur consumption by products replacement, when the notion of obsolescence artificially shortens economic cycles in different markets. As a side effect, to the material concerns of people a new factor of mass concern had been added - the visual confirmation of the social status. Another development was the subordination of visual art to the capitalistic institutions. In part, this has been done through sacralization of the art and isolation it in museums, where works of art serve as modern icons, but lose their intersensoriality, which is an active connection between senses needed for the wholeness of experience (Howes 2005, pp.318-334). Such trend s influenced our senses as a cultural frame of our perception because we almost never perceive the world immediately but rather sense it stereotypically.

Labor power Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Labor power - Assignment Example The intrinsic value of a commodity, which is labor related, determines its exchange value, a concept he calls â€Å"the law of value.† are robbed of their rightful sweat. This is indeed the reason why Marx called for the elimination of profits and for workers to conquer of capitalists. the value of labor-power manifests as subsistence means. According to Marx, profit originates from exploitation of workers by capitalists. He explained that profits result when capitalists pay workers less than the actual value they add to the commodities they produce. Marx explains the main distinction between societies by arguing that the difference in the â€Å"mode in which the surplus-labor is in each case extracted from the actual producer, the laborer† (Marx and Engels 241). Despite the fact that capitalist workers, they (workers) cannot stop to work because they have no choice. Workers own labor but lack the means like tools, and raw materials to execute labor. For them to acquire these resources, they have no alternative but to sell their labor-power to the exploitative capitalists. In Marx’s model, profits keep falling because of increased efficiency in production, which translates to less labor utilization and spending more on labor-saving, efficient machinery. As such, the capitalists own attempt to increase prof it result into falling rate of

The Leadership Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Leadership Challenges - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to discuss the managerial challenges that organizations face today and to discuss different leadership theories that can be used by leaders. One of the toughest challenges for leaders is managing a diverse workforce. Diversity can be defined as the inclusion of different types of people in a workforce which includes differences due to race, age, sex, gender, sexual orientation, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, and other ideologies (Uoregon). To properly lead a diverse workforce a manager must apply good communication skills and the person must be conscious of the differences that make each employee unique. â€Å"Learning to respect and appreciate each other’s cultural and stylistic differences and becoming aware of unconscious assumptions and behaviors that may influence our interactions will enable us to minimize the challenges and derive maximum benefits from diversity† (Wisc). A good leader is a person that is able to motivate his staff to ensure the employees provide maximum effort and performance. A leader must have excellent verbal and written communication skills as well as being an active listener. The leader must have good interpersonal skills and be able to deal with any conflict that occurs in the workplace. Personal conflicts between employees are a tough leadership challenge that must be dealt with. An understanding of the different conflict resolution techniques such as smoothing, collaboration, compromise, avoidance, and authoritative command is needed to solve problems quickly before they become a constraint that hurts the performance and profitability of the enterprise. The use of leadership models and theories can help leaders understand better how to properly implement leadership in the workplace. The behavioral leadership perspective assumes that leadership is central to performance and other outcomes. Based on this theory the leader must

Subjects Unto the Same King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Subjects Unto the Same King - Essay Example It will also define the reasons behind the success of the faction. The paper will conclusively confirm if the chosen group’s story is parallel to that of other people in the English Atlantic Empire. Massachusetts Bay Colony had a staunch position on authority. Its colonists championed the fact that the colony's charter entrusted them with the final authority in New England and that even the King’s appeal cannot deny them that privilege. This fostered a lot of conflict between them and the Indians while other neighboring colonies used this conflict to preserve or enhance their own power. Massachusetts enjoyed the support of three English colonies and the opposition of three other colonies. After the settling in the Massachusetts Bay, the colonizers demanded that the Indians recognize their superiority. This led to a struggle for authority that the Massachusetts won. Their success relied on many factors. First, there were divisions among the Indians in responding to the M assachusetts leaders’ demand. Some agreed, others sought power in other colonies and those who resisted were very few (Pulsipher 3). The lack of a common stand led to their defeat. The population of Massachusetts was incomparably larger than that of other colonies and specifically than that of Indians. ... The magistrates supported the Massachusetts and in one of such cases, the General court condemned the Indians for raising a complaint against the Massachusetts who had attacked them (Pulsipher 288). This favoritism led to the success of the Massachusetts. The lack of fighting tools such as guns and gunpowder also led to the defeat of the Indians. The English refused to give or even sell them this merchandise to the advantage of the Massachusetts (Pulsipher 325). The Indian soldiers were lowly paid and thus their morale was low in fighting with the well-equipped and paid Massachusetts. They actually dared to quit the struggle because of this dissatisfaction (Pulsipher 329). Additionally, Massachusetts got some external assistance from the French though this fact was highly disputed by the English and the French as recorded in the Francis Card declaration (Pulsipher 324). This support only strengthened the already strong side and thus catalyzing their success. Another factor that led t o the failure of the Indians was the lack of unity among the Indians and selling of Indians to slavery and defections of Indian commanders (Pulsipher 321). This weakened the Indian resistance and the hence the success of the Massachusetts. The double stands applied by the English in condemning Indian attacks and commending Massachusetts attack on slumbering Indians at Turner’s fall catapulted the Massachusetts struggle for maintaining authority (Pulsipher 318).The Indians experienced a language barrier which again favored the Massachusetts. All these factors contributed to the success of the Massachusetts in asserting authority over the Indians. However, even as the colonists won they paid heavily for the damage

Introduction and Perspectives on Training Essay

Introduction and Perspectives on Training - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  organisations employ training for operational and strategic issues consequent to internal and external changes. Organizations train their employees for skill enhancement, knowledge acquisition, honing of abilities for increase of performance in the work settings.   The success of the training programme does not guarantee that training would be successfully transferred to the workplace. Trainability, the ability to learn and apply training material imbibed during the training programme at the workplace, is a function of ability, motivation and environmental favourability.   Along with interest in training has arisen an increased interest in learning technologies and performance enhancement processes practices and services). The study of transfer of training has evolved from notions of ‘shared elements’ to ‘cognitive interpretations’ of transfer.  Ã‚   Transfer of training construct is used to describe those aspec ts of the work environment that directly influence the generalisation and maintenance of knowledge and skills learned during training . This discussion highlights that  in a survey of 150 organizations, less than 50 percent of employees transferred only one half of their newly acquired skills six months after the transfer. On the other hand, the importance of transfer climate can be gauged from the fact 50 percent of all the   performance improvement resulting from training intervention, may be attributed to those post-training activities, which support the transfer process.

THE GLOBAL CAR INDUSTRY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

THE GLOBAL CAR INDUSTRY - Essay Example A major change in the iron and steel industry will make great changes in the prices of cars. The market is greatly impacted by the reputation and quality of the product. A car company with good reputation that provides higher quality products and good after sales service will definitely capture more markets. But above all the primary factor that drives the industry is the usage of latest technology for the product as well as for production. This report studies clearly the competitive position of the car market. The report is based on Daimler Chrysler, one of the biggest car makers of the world. The company has its presence in almost all parts of the world either through production plants or through distribution channels. The company has many competitors which are equally potential and competitive to Daimler Chrysler. Therefore, the company is running through a highly competitive environment and is in a process of framing new strategies for its betterment. The report critically analyses the current position of the company as a car manufacturer. The current strategies of the company and its future plans are also referred in the report. The industry is highly influenced by the economic condition of the country. Daimler Chrysler was founded in the year 1998 by the merger of two old and giant company’s Daimler Benz of Germany and Chrysler Corporation of US. German based Daimler Benz has been in the industry since 1926. US based Chrysler Corporation was formed in the year 1925. Daimler Chrysler is one of the leading manufacturers and distributors of passenger cars and commercial vehicles in the world. â€Å"Today, the company is a leading supplier of premium passenger cars as well as the world‘s largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles† (Corporate Profile-overview. 2008). The company operates in the various sectors of automobiles through its various brands. The different brands of the company

Contemporary Issues in Global Business Management Essay

Contemporary Issues in Global Business Management - Essay Example It is also found that Cathay Pacific is making sincere and earnest efforts towards sustainable business model, while also contributing to the social and environmental causes. Corporate Social Responsibility is also variously addressed as Corporate Citizenship, Corporate Responsibility, Global Citizenship, and Corporate Philanthropy. The definitions put forward by various organizations try to explain the concept using different terminology. As such there is no universal definition of CSR. However, different definitions of CSR carry a similar import and are same in extent and scope. The channelling of corporate resources towards community well-being through discretionary business practices is called Corporate Social Responsibility. CSR is to carry out business processes in a manner that exceeds the legal, ethical, commercial and public expectations that society has of business. Through CSR, companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. CSR aims for well-being of employees, customers, stakeholders and society in which it operates. According to EU Commission (2002) as cited in Hopkins (1998), CSR is voluntary action exercised by the companies to make their businesses socially and environmentally sustainable. CSR is voluntary integration of social and environmental concerns with business operations (CEC in: Worthington et al., 2003). The World Business Council as cited in Hopkins (1998) introduces the notion of ethics in corporate social responsibility best practice. It is described as a commitment to behave ethically and contribute to the economic development and quality of life of the workforce, local community, and the society at large. Airlines provide air transport services for passengers and freight. Airlines operate internationally or nationally as scheduled services or charters. Airline companies

Barclays Bank Essay Example for Free

Barclays Bank Essay Barclays is a major global financial services provider engaged in retail banking, credit cards, corporate banking, investment banking, wealth management and investment management services with an extensive international presence in Europe, the Americas, Africa and Asia. With over 300 years of history and expertise in banking, Barclays operates in over 50 countries and employs nearly 147,000 people. Barclays moves, lends, invests, protects money for more than 48 million customers and clients worldwide. (Barclays 2009) Barclays currently owns more stock (3.9%) than any other stockholder in the largest company on the planet, Exxon Mobil. The fundamental principal to Barclay’s philosophy is to include the interests of all of their shareholders from customers, employees, shareholders and the wider community in route to providing a valued and prosperous circumference of satisfied stakeholders. (thebanker.com, 2009) A high priority is placed on dealing with three lines of operations. Firstly, the banking division that provides up front service and customer attention to United Kingdom retail and business banking customers. The UK retail banking side courts some for 14 million accounts, servicing around 566,000 customers, while the business side lends service to primarily middle to larger sized businesses of around 180,000 customers. A second major focus for Barclays is Private Clients. Barclays stands today as the largest retail stockbroker in the United Kingdom, with clients mainly in the UK and the continental Europe. The gist of the client makeup is high net worth and clients of corporate billing. Third is the International Retail and Commercial Banking sector of Barclay’s business. Barclays has some 800 international branches placed throughout Europe, Africa and the Middle East, which provide a large array of services including current accounts, savings, mortgages and loans. (thebanker .com 2009) Others smaller areas of focus for Barclays are Barclays Capital, Barclaycard, Barclay Global Investors and Woolwich. It is within these areas that Barclay is placing a larger focus towards growing throughout the international markets. Barclays Capital is a global investment bank which provides advice and solutions to the financial and risk management needs of corporate, institutional and government clients.Barclaycard has some 11.2 million UK customers with 2.9 million cards issued internationally. This happens to have been the UKs first credit card and also the leader in card services provided over the internet 800,000 customers using the online account services. Barclaycard operates internationally throughout Europe, the United States and Africa and has recently made efforts to expand even more into the United States with the acquisition of the US credit card, Juniper Financial Corporation in December 2004. Barclays Global Investors is a world leader in providing investment management products and services and is also a global leading asset manager. In 1971 Barclays Global Investors created the first index strategy and followed this in 1978 with the first quantitative active strategy. Barclays Global Investors holds some 68 million British pounds in Exchange Traded Funds with over 100 funds in ten international markets for individual and institutional investors. Lastly, Woolwich is a mortgage business that was acquired by Barclays in 2000. It has been transformed into a division that deals largely with home financing and lends its branding to Barclays mortgages. Barclays has placed a great deal of interest in international growth beginning as far back as 1925 with the merger that began the formation of Barclays International Operations of three banks: the Colonial Bank, the Anglo Egyptian Bank and the National Bank of South Africa. This pushed Barclays into Africa, the Middle East and the West Indies. By the 1980s Barclays became the first bank to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission in the U.S. and by 1986 was the first British bank to be listed on the Tokyo and New York Stock Exchanges. Barclays Capital formed around the same time establishing an investment banking operation that today manages larger corporations and institutional businesses. In the mid-1990s Barclays formed Barclays Global Investors through the purchase of Wells Fargo Nikko Investment Advisers which was combined with Barclays BZW Investment Management. Barclays has also kept pace with innovation with concepts such as online customized servicing through Barclay s Private Bank and Premiere Banking. These steps have kept Barclays competitive in the banking industry and guided them towards a promising path in international growth. (thebanker.com) Foremost to continually compete internationally, Barclays must strive to perform customer service at an utmost level of excellence. This will promote Barclays worldwide as a business that can be relied upon time after time for small individual accounts as well as huge corporate accounts. To accomplish this, Barclays must identify their customer groups and the needs associated with each particular group and develop products and services that will be of great value to their customers. The practices that have worked in the past must be reconfigured to work for years to come and keep Barclays updated with the high changing IT world. This will call for new investments into new levels of technology that can help offer higher levels of service to its customers. Along with the apparent increase in speed that IT will allow Barclay to accomplish routine tasks, technology will also reduce risk of errors and fraud. (www.thebanker.com) this leads straight into a second integral point of interest for Barclays. The need to place major investments into the most modern and efficient IT systems available that enables top of the line business transactions to transpire unhinged. IT will allow up to date information to be at the fingertips of Barclay’s managers, giving managers a huge advantage when it comes to making decisions and in pin pointing groups of customers that can have a high added value to Barclays. The fine-tuning of IT will also eliminate weaknesses within Barclays practices, preventing failures that effect customers and thus reducing excessive and unnecessary costs.(thebanker.com)

The Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

The Speckled Band Essay There has been a great deal of famous detective stories that have been written by many authors, all of which are very interesting and exciting. Some examples of very good, successful detective stories are:  The murders in the Rue Morgue written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1841. This book was Edgars first story and it was very successful.  The Moonstone by Wilkie Collins which featured Sergeant Cuff and a stolen gem. This was written in 1868.  Another set of detective stories was Sherlocks Holmes written stories, which were written during the 1880s. As you can see detective books have been going on since the mid 1800s as well as in the 1900s.  1920s onwards Agatha Christie starts to write her very famous and very successful detective stories with Hercule Poirot and Dorothy L. Sayers with Lord Peter Wimsey, both of the upper class.  1970s P.D. James and Ruth Rendell start to write. In their recent books they feature corrupt policemen. In P.D. James last three books the murder has not been convicted, either because they died or due to insufficient evidence.  1990s There has been popularity shown by the number of films and T.V series e.g. Inspector Morse, Taggart, Frost, Dalziel and Pascoe and so on. From the above you should notice that there has been a lot of well known detective stories about and I will be comparing and contrasting two types of detective stories. To support my points I will be using quotations and close references. In each section I will compare the stories and clearly explain the difference. I will be covering the following factors in detail, detectives, crime and motive, clues and red herrings, methods of investigation, the setting location social conditions and the creation of suspense. In The Speckled Band written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the detectives are very polite to each other and speak Queens English. When they talk to each other they always address each other a my dear friend, Dr Watson, Mr Holmes or Madam never by there first name. Sherlock Holmes in The Speckled Band comes across as being very clever and witty. You know this because at the very beginning of the story Dr Watson is saying he was going over his and Sherlocks seventy odd cases that they have done in the last eight years. If Holmes were not clever he would have completed all of those cases. Another part of the story where Holmes shows his cleverness is when Helen Stoner has come to see him and he notices that she has come by train and dog-cart. Holmes knows that she has firstly come by train from the ticket stub in Helens hand and secondly he notices that she has come by dog-cart from the splattered mud up her arm, I observe the second half of a return ticket in the palm of your left glove. You must have started early, and yet you had a good drive in a dog-cart There is no vehicle save a dog-cart which throws up mud in that way.  Holmes also notices that Helen is shivering and orders her a cup of hot coffee. When Sherlock is observing the Stoke Moran notices a lot of clues, which no one else had seen before. I will go into this more when I talk about clues and red herrings.  Sherlock Holmes is always cool and collective in dangerous situations. E.g. when he hears the hissing he lashes out at it very quickly and takes action whereas Watson sits there not knowing whats going on and he panics a bit but Holmes stays calm. Holmes also keeps calm when Dr Grimsby Roylott comes to visit him. I have heard a bout you before. You are Holmes the meddler.  My friend smiled. (Sherlock Holmes)  Holmes the busy body.  His smile broadened. (Sherlock Holmes)  Holmes the Scotland Yard Jack-in-office.  Holmes chuckled heartily.  Sherlock Holmes comes across as not at all being scared. You know this because he is not scared in more than one occasion. He was not scared when Dr Grimsby Roylott barges in and threatens him, he keeps very calm and another place where he keeps his cool is when he is approaching the Stoke Moran place and sees the baboon. Although he knows the Dr Roylott keeps a cheetah he doesnt become scared and he carries on as normal. Holmes is also not as weak as you think he is because when Dr Roylatt comes to Holmes house he bends the fire poker to try to scare Sherlock but Holmes just bends it straight again.  my grip was not much more feeble than his own. As he spoke he picked up the steel poker, and with a sudden effort straightened it out again.  Sherlock Holmes really enjoys his work and loves to solve new cases. You know this because when Helen Stoner comes to him and she tells him what the case is about. She tells Holmes that she wont be able to pay him a lot of money and he replies saying that money is not a problem and as long as she pays for his expenses. E.g. transport fees and accommodation. Sherlock Holmes comes across as being a hero in The Speckled Band because Helen Stoner travels miles and miles to seek out this famous detective. When she finds him he gets straight on the case and solves it within a days work whereas Helen has not had the slightest clue how her sister died for two years.  Another detective in The Speckled Band is Dr Watson. Dr Watson is Sherlock Holmes assistant, he is also very polite when he talking to people, he always addresses people as sir, madam or by their last name never by their first name. Holmes, I cried, I seem to see dimly what you are hinting at.  Dr Watson comes across as being a clever man but not as near as Sherlock Holmes. He has always assisted Holmes crimes all of which he has helped to solve the case. Watson also enjoys his work at solving cases with Sherlock and he has always accompanied Sherlock, you can tell Watson enjoys the cases when he says he wouldnt miss the case.

Growth vs Development in Ethiopia

Growth vs Development in Ethiopia Part One Growth V/s Development w.r.t Ethiopia and Madhya Pradesh Ethiopia, the second most populous country in Africa, has been exhibiting stupendous and inconceivable set of numbers. With growth rates of double digit, the country is among the fastest growing economies in Africa. Ironically, regardless of its agriculture, mineral and hydrological resources Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world. Irrespective of high economic growth rates, the economic development indicators are yet a matter of concern. HDI as low as 0.4 (HDI report 2014). This dejected story of Ethiopia elucidate that Economic Growth and Economic Development are two contrasting terms. Mercantilism, a school of economic thought, functioned only for the purpose of economic growth by capital accumulation (mainly gold). On the other hand, Physiocracy, another school of economic thought, believed on agro-based growth. These schools of thought did not know the concept of development. Sooner or later, people began to notice that the growth is not beneficial to all. The theory of ‘trickle down approach’ doesn’t seem to have a great impact. The quantity of capital accumulation was not enough to capture the actual increase in the living standard of the people. Hence, the concept of economic development emerged. Several efforts are made to capture development. One of the prominent was HDI, formed by Mehboob Ul Haq and Amartya Sen. These indicators take into account the necessary variables, which upgrade the life of an individual. Several other development indicators were dformed such as Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which brings out the level of d eprivation in the country. General Mier describes development as â€Å"the process whereby the real PCI of a country increases over a long period of time subject to the stipulation that the number below absolute poverty line does not increase and that the distribution of the income does not become more unequal† Part Two Country Profile The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is located in the horn of Africa. After the civil war against Eritrea, the Ethiopian government went through the following changes as follows: A political transition from totalitarian dictatorship to multiparty democracy. A transition from a socialistic planned economy to a capitalist market economy. This transition was a crucial change in the country. Post 1991, Ethiopia was struggling with its essentials and was yet to set a strong foundation for economic development, which should be the primary goal of every nation. The major issue faced by Ethiopia was: As the country had just come out of a war, health conditions in the country were critical. Malnutrition and starvation was at its peak as resources were used to brace war. Illiteracy rate was as high as 90 percent during 1974 and went down to almost 70 percent in 1991. The government had a vast challenge ahead with respect to education. Poverty headcount ratio at $2 a day (PPP) was as high as 85 percent of the population. (World bank) Inequality in the country was at a constant rise. Gender Inequality Index was at its extreme Conflicts among religious groups In 1990, Ethiopia experienced a population growth of 36.33% and 31.91% in 2010. This has not been the case with the growth in wealth and production. Such unequal growth has lead to a decline in the socio-economic condition in the country. Part Three – Analysis of Economic Growth and Economic Development in Ethiopia Economic Growth Analysis GDP: Health In the least developed countries, such as Ethiopia, health is not only a basic human right but also an urgent prerequisite for broad socio-economic development. Malnutrition and starvation is pre-dominant in the country. Ethiopia faces serious challenges in providing basic nutrition to its citizens. The country is highly depended on the foreign aid for food supply. The problem in nutrition can easily be seen in the Child Mortality and Infant mortality rate. Ethiopia lacks medical infrastructure irrespective of consistent effort by the government. However, in the urban areas, the issue is much better. Rural areas lack access to such facilities, as connectivity to these majors city remains limited. Moreover, the government has failed to provide proper medical infrastructure in the rural areas. As shown in the table above, the IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) and CMR (Child Mortality Rate) have decreased over the period of time, but these level remain unsatisfactory. 80 percent of the deaths are caused due to preventable communicable diseases. The approach of the government to cure rather than preventing diseases is highly criticized. Maximum number of births takes place at home, with very few women delivering at a well-equipped clinic. Lack of nutrition, as the country faces several drought years and famine condition. With an increasing population in the rural areas, the task of the government keeps getting tougher. An average woman in the rural areas gives birth to 6 children. The child mortality rate did decrease but was not swift enough to satisfy the government. Initiatives taken by the government to reduce mortality: Increasing child immunization coverage. The coverage reached to the extent of approximately 84 percent. Providing education to women with respect to becoming a mother. Why has the government failed? The Ethiopian government has been spending on medical infrastructure. It has also been receiving financial aid from western nations to expand and upgrade its medical facilities, but yet the government fails to bring down the IMR and CMR. Observing the procedure of the Ethiopian government, the following conclusion could be derived. According to researchers, the diseases are caused due to lack of clean drinking water, poor sanitation facilities and lack of nutrition. Health conditions of the mother has a huge impact on the child health. In order to have a great impact on the child mortality rate, the government should use the direct attack approach. It should focus on improving access to clean drinking water and solving sanitation issues. Building medical infrastructure is definitely necessary, but is the later part of the stage. If the disease is prevented by providing healthy growth conditions, the root cause of child mortality would be eliminated. Hence, the approach of the government to cure the diseases rather than preventing it with providing clean drinking water and improving sanitation conditions have not allowed economic growth to be converted into economic development. Education To build a strong education foundation for its young people, Ethiopia came up with Education Sector Development Program (ESDP). The implementation of this program started with the expansion of primary education, which resulted in a significant increase in access to primary education. The gross and net enrollment rate has seen a tremendous growth. At the beginning of 1991, the gross enrollment rate in primary schools (grades 1-8) was only 32 percent. This figure rose to as high as 95 percent by 2012. The figures exhibited look stupendous. But the reality looks totally different. Despite such large number of enrollment, the national literacy is still as low as 36% (UNDP) in 2011. Following are the hindrances in converting this economic growth into economic development: While sustaining the successful effort of high enrollment, the country also needs to pay greater attention on improving the quality of primary education. The schools built, especially in rural areas are not adequately equipped. This act as a barrier to a good quality education. One of the reasons could be lack of trained teachers. A sharp drop could be noticed in the period between year 2009 and 2010. (Refer appendix) Several parts of the country do not have proper access to schooling. Several children have to walk miles to for gaining handicapped education. The gender gap in enrollment ratio still persists. Girls are often pulled out of school to get married. Male children are pulled out to help the family work in fields. These are the factors that have created a barrier from converting the growth of high enrollment rate to be converted into an economic development for the country. Poverty By the end of 1991, approximately 45.5 percent of the population was living under poverty. This figure dropped down to 27.8 percent by the end of 2012. Ethiopia has successfully been able to reduce poverty but would definitely want to reduce this figure as much as possible. Ever since a new government was formed in 1995, majority of schemes and policies have been pro-poor. The government has looked at poverty eradication seriously. 80 percent of the population is dependent on agriculture as a source of living. In order to bring out people of poverty, the government needs to generate enough jobs in the country. Migration rates have been high as pay and living conditions are far better. This has led to brain drain in the economy as qualified Ethiopians left the country for self-benefit. The HDI of the country is 0.435, one of the lowest in the economy. The growth story of Ethiopia has been amazing when it comes to numbers. The economy has been posting double-digit growth rates but yet remains one of the poorest countries in the world. The high growth were an indication of inequality rising in the country. The Gini Index is 33.6. Gender Inequality Ethiopia is a patriarchal society that keeps women in a subordinate position. There is a belief that women are docile, submissive, patient, and tolerant of monotonous work and violence, for which culture is used as a justification. Gender disparity are largely seen in primary education enrollment Girls are forced to marry at an early age, against the legal age of marriage. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is still practiced in the country. Health of women in the country is critical, particularly of women who are expecting a baby. FGM is also vulnerable to diseases in the long run Women in Ethiopia are suppressed due to social, religious and other reasons. The government has undertaken several policies and program for their betterment. Yet the key issues are not looked upon as follows: Empowering women through access to education as well as providing them with physical and financial resources is crucial to the long-term development of the country. Proper education would help in resource allocation and also adequate decision such a delayed marriage (generally not in the hands of the girl child) Adequate education would also enable the girl child to be an efficient mother as it would gain knowledge with respect to health. International Relation Foreign Aid A free financial aid will always be welcomed, but it also does have consequences if not used wisely. The challenges that an economy faces in receiving financial aid are as follows: Investment in favor of greater/mass consumption. With such large amount of money entering the economy, these cash flows are highly inflationary. As the aid comes in the form of foreign currency, this appreciates the value of local currency, making export more expensive in the international market. (Ethiopia highly depends on its export of coffee) Aid increases inflation, which leads to even more poverty and unemployment. To support this issue, the government asks for more aid which keeps on concentrating the issue. However, there are benefits of aid seen in the country. The government has been able to implement several of its policies with the help of such aid. A recently built highway to the capital, or be it the controversial dam in construction; the aid has contributed significantly to the nation. These aids also come as the rescue to the Ethiopians in situations of drought and famine. Foreign Direct Investment Due to lack of local investors, Ethiopia had to look for foreign investments. The Ethiopian government has not opened up the economy in all sectors as the banking system is still with the local authorities. FDI has become a major aspect of globalization. The major investment is seen in the land-leasing scheme launched by the government. The Ethiopian government has given out large part of lands to foreign companies in lease for agricultural purposes, without any restriction on the agricultural produce. Approximately as large as 6,00,000 hectares of land has been leased out to foreign companies Locals are being displaced in order to meet the requirements of these investors. Displaced locals are finding it difficult to sustain living. The benefits of these schemes are as follows: The foreign investors have brought in latest technology for agriculture, which the Ethiopians lacked. People were hired to work on the leased lands generating employment. The objective behind this scheme look relevant, however, the investors have exploited the scheme heavily and the government seems to have no control over it. Moreover, the scheme allows these investors to lease the land for really long periods, which wasn’t necessary. A shorter duration would have had the same impact to the economy. Also to make the scheme more citizens friendly, the government should’ve come up with better displacing techniques and improving the condition of living. The land-leasing scheme has increased the exports of the country as the investors export the produce to get better price than the local markets. This growth on the other hand has impacted the HDI of the economy as displaced population is facing serious issues. Several people have already fled away to neighboring countries as the government is leasing of land without consent. Bibliography Ethiopia Country Report- BTI 2014 Global Financial Crisis Discussion Series, Ethiopia Phase 2- Overseas Development Institute The Political Economy of Growth in Ethiopia, Chapter 4 of volume 2,-Alemayehu Geda Millennium Development Goal Report of Ethiopia- UNDP report Ethiopia Country Data-World Bank Appendix

Unwarranted Cellular Tracking in The United States Essay -- Personal F

In this day and age of technology and digital information, finding the location of a restaurant or landmark only takes the click of a button. At the same time, the technology being used for directions and GPS allows the government to find the location of anyone at any given moment, watching over all as they so please. The prevalence of unwarranted cell phone tracking is extremely high, so much so that a case was taken to the Supreme Court to debate the issue. It was decided in this case, United States v. Jones, that a device having its movements tracked is the same as trespassing on property (United States Supreme Court). More recently than this, the American Civil Liberties Union released several public records detailing the process police departments use before tracing cell phone locations. Shockingly, it was revealed that a large majority of departments around the country fail to acquire a proper warrant before tracking suspects (Crump). Considering the ubiquity of cell phones in society today, jokes about the government turning into a "Big Brother" watching over citizens have nearly become a reality in the U.S., with tremendous worries about what little privacy there is left. What was once thought of as a handy communication tool has now turned into a traveling tracker for the police to spy on the common man with. Imagine, every step outside of a denizen's home being tracked step for step. This was entirely unknown before, and the revelation of such broke the illusion of safety civilians thought they had. Law enforcement agencies shouldn't be allowed to so freely track cell phones without the use of a warrant, it violates a citizen's rights, gives no regard to privacy, and creates an inconsistent legal standard within ag... ...media story brings this issue to light again. Making the push to put reform on this matter and enacting a law to require warrants will restore the values law enforcement agencies are meant to uphold, and bring back the sense of security that is seldom found in society today. Works Cited Clark, M. Wesley. Cell Phones as Tracking Devices, 41 Val. U. L. Rev. 1413 (2007). Crump, C.. "Results of nationwide government cell phone tracking records request show frequent violations of Americans' privacy rights." . N.p., 2012. Web. 22 May 2012. Lightblau, Eric. "Police Are Using Phone Tracking as a Routine Tool." www.nytimes.com. New York Times, 03/3. Web. 28 May 2012. U.S. Supreme Court, . "United States v. Jones Opinion."supremecourt.gov. Us Government, 2012. Web. 28 May 2012. "Cell Tracking." Electronic frontier foundation. EFF, n.d. Web. 22 May 2012.

Biography of Rudyard Kipling Essay -- Rudyard Kipling Writers Authors

Biography of Rudyard Kipling 1865 - Kipling is born in Bombay, India. 1871 - Kipling and his younger sister Alice are separated from their parents and sent to England to be educated. 1878 - Kipling enters public school in North Devon. 1882 - Kipling ends his formal education and returns to India to become a trainee journalist. 1886 - Publication of Departmental Ditties. Kipling begins to make a name for himself as a young writer of some repute. 1887 - Soldiers Three, In Black and White, The Phantom Rickshaw, Wee Willie Winkle, The Story of the Gadsbys, and the stories later collected in The Smith Administration, The City of Dreadful Night, and Letters of Marque, were all written and published. 1889 - Kipling returns to London and embarks upon a decade of rising fame and extreme productivity. Kim, The Jungle Book, Stalky and Co., Captain’s Courageous , The Seven Seas and The Days Work are all published to great success. 1891- Marries Caroline Balestrier and emigrates to the USA 1899 - Death of first born child, Josephine, in New York. 1900 - Begins sojourn in South Africa. Becomes leading proponent of the Boer War. 1908 - Greatly disillusioned by the Liberal governments policy in South Africa, Kipling returns to England. 1914 - World War one begins. Kipling believes his long-held suspicion of the Germans has been justified. He once more becomes an enthusiastic proponent of the British war effort. 1915 - Kipling’s 18 year old son John disappears in battle. Kipling never really recovers from the loss. Kipling is diagnosed with the ailments that would later kill him. 1... ...nsued when John Kipling disappeared in action only a month after his arrival. Kipling saw the subsequent settlement at Versailles as another betrayal, mocking the sacrifices of the fallen allies. For his remaining two decades, he endured constant pain and discomfort from a series of misdiagnosed stomach ailments. In his autobiography Something of Myself (1935) , Kipling makes no mention of his years of suffering, just as he also avoids mention of the other tragedies in his life. He continued to write, and to develop his art, right up until the end of his life. He died in January 1936. Works Cited Kipling, Rudyard. Something of Myself and Other Autobiographical Writings, ed. Thomas Pinney. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Sullivan, Zoreh T. Narratives of Empire : The Fictions of Rudyard Kipling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Therapies for Leukemia Patients Essay -- Leukemia

Executive Summary Two promising therapies for leukemia patients are bone marrow transplantation and peripheral stem cell transplantation. Successful transplants require that two immunologic barriers be overcome: a host-versus-graft (HVG) reaction and a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction. A myeloablative conditioning regimen, which involves a depletion of the patient’s immune system, usually precedes the transplantation of donor stem cells to control the HVG. However, twentyfive to 35% of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation experience life-threatening transplant-related complications (Holler 1990). Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-_ levels are elevated prior to these complications and are indicative of future problems, such as rejection, graft-versus-host disease, interstitial pneumonitis, endothelial leakage syndrome, and venoocclusive disease (Remberger 1994). As a result, many patients who are at high risk for these complications, including patients over 55 years old, patients with poor overall health, and children, are turned down for stem cell transplantation. In the mid-1990’s, a regimen was developed that uses non-myeloablative conditioning. In this procedure, the immune system of the recipient is not totally depleted, which creates a tolerable regimen for those high risk patients. This project will compare the relative toxicity of myeloablative allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) and non-myeloablative PBSCT. This will involve collecting patient serum samples at various time intervals during treatment. The samples will be evaluated for TNF-a concentrations using the ELISA technique. The data will then be used to determine the toxicity of each regimen. This study will p... ...ne response. MacKay I, Rosen F: The Immune System. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2000; 343: 108-117. This is the second part of the review article on immunology. It describes lymphocytes and lymphoid tissue, molecular aspects of the immune response, the activation and regulation of lymphocytes, immune protection by antibodies and immunologic technology. Tanaka J, Imamura M, Kasai M, et al: The important balance between cytokines derived from type 1 and type 2 helper T cells in the control of graft-versus-host disease. BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION 1997; 19: 571-576. This article assesses the cytokine network after transplantation, and its connection to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). It looks at the balance between type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) helper T cells, and concludes that severe GVHD may be related to a cytokine imbalance between the helper cells.

Canon in D Major

Canon in D Major I’m listening to Canon in D major by Johann Pachelbel; played by the London Symphony Orchestra who are from London, England. They’re all professional adult musicians; they're very good, in tune and together. The piece is unique and very famous. It’s Johann Pachelbel’s most famous piece, most often played at weddings. The piece is in 4/4 time and in D major. It has a slow tempo, smooth rhythm, and long, full bowing. They’re bowing sounds like it’s always together in each section; like they’re all going in the same direction.Dynamics stay about the same throughout the piece; in piano/mezzo piano. It starts in piano. Sometimes it’s in mezzoforte but it doesn’t sound like it gets louder than that, except for the nice, loud, and strong ending. As far as the intonation of the piece, it gets softer as the notes are longer/slower (whole and half notes) and then slowly crescendos as the notes are shorter/faster (q uarter and eighth/sixteenth notes). The melody is always louder than the other parts.The articulation and the intonation are very consistent and similar with the melody being louder than the other parts and the crescendos into faster parts and then the decrescendos into slower, even smoother parts. I like this piece a lot, it’s very pretty and I want to learn how to play it. I really like how sometimes it’s all in unison and sometimes every section has a different part. I also really like how it’s smooth and slow at some parts and then faster but still smooth at other parts. I really love how all of the parts harmonize together perfectly. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=s3RRQypEf4I=related

A Culture of Violence

A culture of violence may non always go spy by large number, especially those who be support within a community. The closeness of the nation therein, together with a fixed mental capacity or opinion about the community, may prevent residents from realizing or accepting the point that things have changed for the worse.Moreover, there is the possibility that people might get too self-satisfied that they would no longer bother to order key rewards, such as those involving attitudes or cultures that need to be changed.Article SummaryThe humbug of Reena Virk, a fourteen year old, East Indian girl, illustrates this point. In Reena Virks short life and l wizly(a) death swept away a 14-year- old girl beaten by the very teens she wanted as friends was re primary(prenominal)ing to the cold salt-water, Cernetig tells a unequivocal story of a girl coming from a minority group who, for this reason, desperately tries to couple in her new surroundings.Being taken from her home, s he finds herself in a new but hostile environment where teenagers already knew each other. It did not help Reena at all that she was overweight. Thus, she got picked on by the other teenagers in her school.However, this classic story turned out worse than it should have. While the usual story ends happily, with the grotesque duckling fitting in after sometime, this one ended, quite tragically, in Reenas death.Unbeknownst to the local community, small groups of teenagers in the local schools had been forming gangs that be similar to those seen in television shows featuring Los Angeles gangs (Cernetig). Moreover, these teenagers bet to have been influenced by songs and shows that abound in mainstream media, which all glorify violence and the proliferation of gangs.Examples of these media are what Cernetig calls gangsta-rap CDs (Cernetig). This influence has gone to the extent of closing up with a murdered unripe girl, without anyone taking responsibility for it, despite the fa ct that some(prenominal) suspects have already been grok (Cernetig).The story gets more notorious because of the quell with which Reenas body was found. One week has passed before the police were able to direct her body. Moreover, their theory on the case had been built largely on speculations based on stories that had circulated about town.AnalysisReenas story raises several issues for critical analysis. The first one involves the medias portrayal of an L.A. gang. This is a crucial issue in the story because this was apparently the main reason why people at very young ages are overt to violence. Worse, the media is shown to be primarily responsible for edifice a certain image of a gang as cool or fun.

Analysis of the salient features of Beck’s cognitive theory Essay

Becks cognitive theory assumes that most mental problems arise from faulty thinking processes. The theory is centred on three factors that form what can be illustrated as a triad. Beck (1976) noned that the three factors that affect the sympathetic minds capabilities argon thoughts, antecedent types and sort (Figure 1). Figure 1 The foundation of Becks (1976) supposition of the cognitive theory Source Created from the description by Bandura (1976) A point worth noting is that these factors cannot act on their own as they do so in synergy with other factors.For instance, behavior is change by the environment thoughts argon affected by the egotism (individual) and antecedent events are influenced by the current events. Becks cognitive theory perceives antecedent events, thoughts and behavior to be dynamic. In addition, according to (1998), each of the three constituents of the triad is capable of affecting others. However, Beck (1976) notes that in evaluating the triad, cognit ion or thoughts require more emphasis.This is because it is through thoughts that valet de chambre beings are able to change their beliefs, attitudes, interpretation and perceptions in several(predicate) instances. Moreover, thoughts or cognitive factors serve as a platform for filtering or appraising events. In billet with this, if the human mind is bended towards one event at the expense of another, the thinking process would express some form of emotional and behavioral responses that would predicate some problems in life. Therefore, according to this theory, the expressive style human beings think could actually change the way they touch and behave.The cognitive theory serves as a way of understanding and treating opinion imputable to the approach it takes in addressing the various faculties of the mind. In addition, since it highlights issues related to mental capabilities, it is confiscate for addressing mental health issues and other instances of disorders that arise due to depression or factors such(prenominal) as essence use. In postulating the theory, Beck was of the opinion that depressed large number lots have humiliated opinion of themselves.Precisely, Beck suggested that depressed people believe that the world, their in store(predicate), and they themselves were the causes of their depression. In addition, Beck (1998) noted that people world power be faced with psychological difficulties due to concomitant of automatic thoughts, proscribe self-importance-assessments and impaired assumptions. Moreover, Beck connoted that automatic thoughts unremarkably pave the way for emotions but occur considerably fast with the affected individuals teensy awareness.As a lead, such individuals do not view themselves with high esteem. As an example, people affected by stress may address themselves in considerably high critical tones they also institutionalize themselves for every mishap that befalls them. Becks theory and depression Beck (19 87) noted that depressed people, apart from having a low opinion of themselves, also develop schemas in their minds such as if many people hate me therefore I am worthless. Nevertheless, such beliefs are commonly primitive, overstated and rigid.It is worthy noting that the self schemas developed in the minds pf distressed people are usually changeless but latent and only discernible when they are stimulated by social stressors (for instance when a mortal provokes the distressed individual) (Beck, 1987). Once the distressed somebody is provoked, the depressive diagram in the mind of the individual becomes pioneer by the stress of the event (provocation) and results into a two-fold outgrowth (Beck, 1976). The first effect is that the content of the distressed individual becomes negative.This is characterized by a cognitive triad and the person develops negative beliefs about himself or herself, the world and the future (i. e. every aspect of the cognitive triad becomes negati ve). In the second phase, there is a systematic bias in the mind that characterized by distortion of knowledge touch on capability and being prone to committing errors. Although not all forms of depression are caused by stimulant of the self-schemas, Beck viewed the negative cognitive triad and negative processing of information as the intrinsic features of all depressions (Beck, 1987).The result of the negative schema is fear for all activities by the individual. This is in spite of the fact that some activities could be easily accomplished. For instance, a negative evaluation of self worth may be I am unworthy, I just cant do this and a negative evaluation of the world or daily events may be Everything that happens to me is just sufficiency evidence that my world is crumbling, this world does not take on me. On the other hand, a distressed persons evaluation of the future may be It seems that nothing will ever get break for me even in future. From the above illustration, Bec ks cognitive Model of Depression clearly shows how early experiences in life can lead to the development of dysfunctional beliefs, which in turn cause individuals to have negative self-views, which in turn result into depression (Beck, 1987).

Computer Engineering personal statement Essay

My divert in calculating machines came at a moderately sequence when I got my root computer. At that fourth dimension, that hardly a(prenominal) hoi polloi k raw how to give it and no superstar had time to find out me, so I had to say by my attract. When I was sixteen, I got into structure my own p.cs because of how overprice e genuinelything was. Up to straighta agency I salvage fortify and counterbalance some(prenominal) computers of friends, relatives and myself. Computers select been everlastingly been my chase for me salutary now I trust to free this into a passe-partout and honor locomote. I study that I wealthy person the face-to-face skills and motivation to be successful in computer design. to a fault I turn in that engineering is a refine that pass on make a tactile residuum in the validation and Im definite I exit love the luck to richly strain this potential. I foretaste to be adapted to soften new technologies and solu tions which would collide with twain the throng and the planet.At college where I study my O take ZGCE I achieved very near grades in solely my subjects, which provided a concrete bring up to my trust levels. I withal excelled at lark close connect activities in the field. I was a ingredient of a football game and play teams. I set turn to be undefiled way to persist get and sustentation healthy. My aim is to attain a passage where I mass indicate my natural endowment and rut for computers as wellspring as rude my brain in ways that I could neer do in any field. I am huffy about starting signal the cultivation for career which I drive chosen at your institution. I wish my devotion and consignment pull up stakes be an addition to this profession. I cede name that your institution has unspoiled the programs Im smell for and just what I need to be successful at my goals.

Electronic Bill Payment in Canada

1-Introduction In right a counsellings evolutionary origination, where engine room keeps on revolutionizing our usual tasks, retireronic tip demo and remuneration crack a unscathed b be-assed-fangled commission bear upon by whirl on thread and rattling succession demonstration of levels and requital excerpts. It c eithers capital goods and signifi quite a littletly improves node deal proscribed and guest affinity management. We go whole t hotshot up re uncomplicated(prenominal) the schooling comprise in an electronic beat, followed by the coer of a quill demo. We exclusivelyow for shortly worryn conventional constitution- nominate efflorescences and electronic observances.And and so, we leave al atomic crook 53 undo the distinguish subject parties intricate in an electronic commove beatment and devotement, followed by the divers(prenominal) evolution phases. The advan tabloides and the dangers associated with the pull ining the EBPP or non. lastly we volition prove the una interchange competent go forrs of EBPP in Canada. electronic minutes volition step by step bear off the ace mode for some(prenominal)(prenominal) consumers and companies to invent their stairs. The primary(prenominal) line g anyplacenment issue superstar wood is the grievous befool up simplification for carte du jourers from cut back manual(a) clip and re persona bandation, tho it es figureial besides pre direct an advantage to guests in sound out to be successful.For outright, guests who pro big ca consumption habitual to meshing confideing be the prize disregarddi see to its for EBPP. On July 8, 2004, EPO Inc (Canada built in beds e take) acquired weathervanedox, the yet separate notice economy advantage in Canada. to c every(prenominal) in all in all forher they bequeath impart Canadians with a hotshot EBPP supporter that go a air be unity of the close to ripe of its sort in the world. enter accusation exercise Stages 2-Definitions or else of the harass of having to remove bodily fees, electronic fees atomic figure 18 remunerations do online. They argon do finished the pecuniary sanctuarys electronic net incomesite.electronic explosive charge is the electronic language and initiation of distinctions, explanations, and relate knowledge sent by a surroundr to its nodes. or else of receiving theme commits finished the unhorse, and past pen out and displace a att sack, batting model togethers tramp be authoritative by e s barricade, or openinged with the tiradeers sacksite. It is in addition cognise as electronic pen nib universe and hire, or EBPP, which is a fashion simulation be on teleph integrity circuit-to-consumer. electronic hand commit apprisal and requital, or EIPP, is the homogeneous for a business-to-business remuneration, set ahead, we wont be overing i t in this idea. The electronic schnozzle demo & earnings (EBPP) exemplar en equal to(p)s lymph glands of edges and bursting charge companies to use the lucre or the anticipate to hands down elude requitals as closely as coming their direction education. It was created in the United-States by the Council for electronic guardianship and stip completion (CEBP) of the depicted object change elucidation augury railroad tie (NACHA) The biggest and nigh explicit digression amidst EBPP corpses and the traditionalistic mode of board fee, is that of technology.Rather than receiving a prime by dint of the s halt off, brighten-up out and displace a check, consumers suck in their pen nibs in an e institutionalize, or argon prompted to meet a clearsite to idea and abide their invoices 3- mental great power human bes and plug-in bearing in that respect be some(prenominal) types of education in an electronic get off, virtually of which atomic tot 18 the uni work on you would go steady in a traditional report card dick. First, it identifies the node, or their clear comp acent, in gild to radio draw this take downt musical note to the philippicers forecast cod(p) figure outes.It embarrasss the chance upon and address, the rate bite with the t angiotensin converting enzymeer (or what ever an other(a)(a)(prenominal) randomness that the accuseer has dictated to refer its nodes like an ID enactment, username, or holler image), and the magazine finale for the add-in ( a week, or a month, or a year). Second, it states the get along delinquent from the node, as head as whatsoever exposit explaining refreshingborn charges over the grudge completion if in that location argon each(prenominal)(prenominal) for type, long aloofness cry distinctions deport dilate of some(prenominal)ly refer and other specialised charges accept in the derive refer commensurate (p). Third, it specifies the bodyguard when the heart gist is imput competent.Fourth, it adjudge waters a hitch-to-period balancing of natural treat since the remnant crest or relation was produced, so that the node is able to discriminate the differences. Fifth, it specifies the revelation tuition from measuring roder to lymph gland, so that the Customer is apprised of the disclosure indemnity of the peterer. Sixth, the guest washstand skyline his old charge ups and cast action at law recital from forward accusation cycles/seconds. The electronic short letter is overly an prob force for advertizement (which the sh by and by authorizations) that fiscal aid in catch up with selling and commercializeing the buckers harvest and go.Fin some(prenominal)(prenominal)y, node answer do inter-group communication selective in inventattingion is getable in crusade a guest take cooperate or guidance. The bourn point abbreviati on is in ecumenic use to treat the requisite items Name, measuring delinquent and referable run into. The condition flush dilate is employ to hold each of the be items, which a distinctioner whitethorn elect to come in to its nodes 4- manifestation of the news report tending changeovering from Paper-Based to electronic Formats in that location ar five dollar carte du jour varied modes of porting the fall guyed documents and their cultivation bailiwick to an online form that john be apply by EBPP 1. alteration to PDF format . Rasterization to GIF, JPG or PNG formats 3. Recomposition into hyper textual matter markup language or XML 4. novelty to customary hypertext mark-up language or XML 5. exposition to spicyly formatted hypertext mark-up language or XML distributively of these modes has advantages and disadvantages. De unfinished on the application, the government activity effect conciliate which dust to use. i)Content populat ion and Deployment In the airman- demonstration introduce, the primary step of meat authoring and deployment atomic estimate 18 essential. The steps include public of the core, theme re hitchs, affirmatory the subject matter, registration of the glut and in conclusi sole(prenominal), the deployment of the circumscribe.Exhibit 1, exemplifys the offset snarled in the cloy substructure and deployment phase. The policies and procedures knotted in the content launching and deployment regard responsibilities to be projectated to certain individuals to merely picture that all told medical prognosiss of the electronic ne twork foliate be surface prevailed. breeding an intrinsic mode suck would mete out to stick out the scalawag layout, intent elements and of importtain amity in approach of the pick up and tactile property of the net varlets. The vogue occur would in addition alleviate the trunk by providing knowledge on how to l ink one paginate to other rogues. The construct of the meshing scalawag ( dis mold) is or else straightforward.The rightful(a) challenges climb when approach a summate of issues, viz. the guardianship of the meshwork rascal in slander of the content of nurture and errors/breakdowns and up to date modifications (could be daily), as soundly as the flesh of the entry ne iirk on which the web page is nursing home. ii) tantalise Notification closely the nib rat be delivered to the guest ( bear down buckle underer) in a material body of slipway. The closely car park system utilise is observance by dint of e- get aways. The client come ups an e-mail notifying them of the computeancy ease or bar imputable. However, this rule is restrict in foothold of its pictorial presentation and probable.A to a greater extent in force(p) method acting of notifying the consumer of their business relationship is to lodge the universal resource locator (link of the website) that contains the plug-in in locate to overcome the limitations of e-mailing the invoice. The current submit however in the notice sen metrent of a pecker is via supple phones and ad hominemized digital tendingants (PDAs). kinda of e-mailing the guest, the biller whitethorn establish a information domicile for the lymph nodes phone numbers racket and channelise them text messages stating the tot up over due, the due date of the bill as healthy as any surplus discipline the biller finds necessary to domiciliate.In the traditional scale of subject- ground bills, notice is done with(p) done with(predicate) mailing the unquestionable invoice to the guest/client. iii) history monstrance nether EBPP, bill monstrance is the play where the biller/consolidator delivers a replica of the echt bill to the guest/client in an electronically generated format. The bill whitethorn be presented with staring(a) detail of the invoice or as a abridgment of the exposit, de unfinished on the cessation and earnestness of the details regard. finished bill apprisal, the biller is able to slip by much legally with the clients being billed.The resolve why interaction amid the biller and the clients is heighten is due to the ability of the biller to carry on the nodes to the theatre of operationss of bet as comfortably as instruction or reveal determine the clients p roots and dilutes. electronic bill manifestation may similarly assist the biller by disclose spot fealty by providing the clients with a s easily au socetic a compel experience. Aspects concerning foodstuffing and advertizement fecal matter withal be intercommunicate by supervise and unequivocal the quadriceps of the web page adjoin the bea of the invoice.Additional positions may be letd by devising nurture intimately pending social clubs, away allowances as preferentially as pending hires on hand(predic ate). iv)electronic hire and visor This presents the last pctage point twisty in EBPP. The distinctioners as sound as the consolidators argon lookd to exit the guests with respective(a) forms of honorariums in cast to forget the customer with flexibility. remunerations may be set to be pull in mechanically or at the savvy of the customer. The types of honorariums may include condition cerebrate bill from bank bills One- fourth dimension compensations violate payments Online payments/ electronic gold transfers brim card game/ acknowledgment card payments. Customers argon to a fault provided with the choice of qualification three-fold payments to a atomic number 53 supplier or one unite payment for twain-fold utilitys to the consolidator ( much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as e moorage). The construct of bill grittylights the supporting of the selective study on when the bill was paid, how the payment was do and the step of the payment use up for the run. much(prenominal) cultivation is then updated to the billers accounts-receivables systems. 5-Comparison of Paper-Based and electronic SolutionsExhibits 2 and 3 found the comparing amidst the makeup ground cathexis cycle and the electronic mission cycle. In both explosive charge cycles (electronic and stem ground), the foundation of the bill goes by dint of and by with(predicate) and through the aforesaid(prenominal)(p) full points selective discipline dictate, Mediation, military rank and Content fundament and bill design. In the leg of bill design and insane asylum however, the bill is that formatted when its a written report based one, and printed when its an electronic bill. The briny difference betwixt the two cycles is at the stage of the demo of the bill.In the font of a news subject publisher based payment, by and by(prenominal) the bill is formatted, in that respect is recounting by repair mail and then the bill is presented. In the slip-up of the electronic flush cycle, in that respect is notification by network and then in that respects an unnecessary stage where the bill is reborn onto a Web-friendly format, this is referred to as the Transition to electronic stage. Finally, the bill is presented any by Web or printed and the check is sent to the biller if its a theme based bill, or the payment could be penalize nowadays and electronically in the theatrical role of an electronic bill. Parties conf employ Billers, blasphemeers, aggregators and consolidators utiliseing EBPP place play unhomogeneous roles in the boilers suit EBPP process. once roles argon defined, it is easier to identify which pattern (aggregator, biller-direct or e-mail based) is virtually entrance for the clients EBPP strategy. Billers may as well up as fulfill to a greater extent than one model in fix up to trump see their clients. Be piddle the attention is always changing a nd redefining, the survival of the fittests and opportunities for EBPP entrust persist in to expand.There be several parties involved in the EBPP process The biller payment provider, or BPP, is the billers bank that take payment and provides account receivable information. It is an agent of the biller that accepts r release informatio on behalf of the biller. The bill armed function provider, or BSP, provides EBPP divine supporters to the biller like ranking bill details, consolidating bills and delivering them to the customer attend to provider, or providing bill summary ditribution. The customer run provider, or CSP, as it call implies, provides the customer with an larboard for bill demo.It enrolls them, modifys notification and provides customer carry on and support. They ar contacted presently by the customer to help with a payment or dumbfound general monetary aid and closure questions. The Consolidator is a biller portion provider that aggregates al l the customers bills from fivefold billers in one rudimentary website. An example of a consolidator is Canadas e smudge where the customer unwaveringly plan of attackes the website to both involve and pay his/her bills. It is preferential in that the customers screwing view and pay all their bills at once. 7- phylogeny PhasesThe unwavering one thousandd development of the net income (World panoptic Web) has changed the brass section of an surround where companies and customers make direct and adjacent forms of communication. This make way to much than(prenominal) legal and high-octane methods to set about transactions in the midst of two or more than(prenominal) than parties. function much(prenominal) as electronic Bill presentation and Payment (EBPP) were butt a substantiatest to take place. The end result was supercedement penning mail bills with electronic documents that deal outd the comparable purpose, lone(prenominal) in a more efficient light. In 1999, Canada post enforced the worlds root electronic post office, epost.This put Canada in the van of the electronic Bill presentation and Payment merchandise. By providing a excuse and universally available assist, epost predominate the e- charge mart and provided solutions to numerous Canadians. By 2002, the e- bearing trade was fl atomic number 18 mingled with epost and Webdoxs, eposts main contest at the period. In July 2004, epost change magnitude its grocery pedigree region through its encyclopedism of webdoxs. This do epost Canadas main EBPP attend provider and by the end of 2004, epost secured 1. 6 one thousand thousand registered users. However, disdain the suppuration of the e- accusation empyrean, the net boodle generated were not signifi bunst.The unite revenue enhancement of e- bill service providers, that is to hypothesize, epost, Innovapost and Canada post supranational Ltd. was $192 one thousand thousand in 2004, $18 one one thousand million million less(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than the earlier year. notwithstanding the real bemuse in the revenues generated by e-billing service providers the prospects for the e-billing sector remained optimistic due to the high harvest-festival effectiveness of the e-billing sector. Canada post was alive(predicate) of the detail that the norm bill seduceful customer unavoidable quantify to reconcile to the new techniques provided by e-billings sector. indorse Canadas national buy study, How dividing line Buys, released may 2001, shows that e-commerce based billing and lodge processes ordain more than tetrad by 2005. Currently, e-billing accounts for entirely two percent of corporate billing. Benefits include cut down knowledgeable be and minify snip consumption. visa depicted object promulgated by Allbusiness in 2001 (http//www. allbusiness. com/public-administration/1169884-1. html) In 2005, epost approached Canadas stud y monetary mental institutions in shape to accomplish the e-billing fraction through the monetary institutions online banking element. such a step would appropriate the banks clients to gain coming to the said(prenominal) epost features (receiving, think, remunerative and storing bills online) straight from the monetary institutions website. This in turn would enable epost to establish a big foodstuff place base of customers through the monetary institutions. look that focussed on masses who bank online shows they atomic number 18 progressively valuable, semipermanent bank customers who be more liable(predicate) to set more silver and obtain excess run. These be the akin customers that would be attracted to and avail from EBPP.Its our goal to rescue all(prenominal) Canadian banking online, receive all their unfavourable mail online through epost. As utter by Roger Couldrey, chairman and chief run officer of epost. By the end of 2005, epost had been structured into some of Canadas study fiscal institutions, namely b govern of Montreal (BMO Canadas commencement bank), CIBC, Laurentian rely, Desjardins, august verify of Canada monetary Group, case trust of Canada, Scotia wedge and Toronto formula Trust. By targeting Canadas online banking customers, epost was able to in effect improver affair and use of the e-billing sector.According to statistics gather by ComScore Media rhythmic pattern in 2004, 11 million Canadians browsed their monetary institutions website in order to access their financial information. Additionally, in 2003 Forrester inquiry found Canadians to be primordial adopters of Web-based financial service when compared to Ameri shadowers. A big number of Canadians, 55 percent, employ the web for banking/financial service art object solitary(prenominal) 37 percent of Ameri empennages utilise the net income for banking services. Such statistics set the market base for epost and open the name founding for its inevitable expansion as Canadas take EBPP service provider.Today EBPP is one of the closely(prenominal) holdd inventions in northerly America, with a market of near 330 million unfluctuating users. care among Canadian businesses is ontogenesis at an overpower pace numerous an(prenominal) a(prenominal) are discovering that it is the about address impressive method to sign on the billing aspect of conducting business. Moreover, due to the ever change magnitude richness of preserving the milieu, the capital punishment of the e-billing trimmings would open to the cause of deli truly the environs by utilise less paper and producing less decompose. 8- Advantages of EBPP )Benefits to the grasss/implementers The execution of instrument of EBPP has brought about umpteen advantages for both the companies billing and the customers acquire billed. The nose candy+ Canadian companies, now using eposts e-billing services, brace und ergo a number of advantages graduation exerciseing with delivering bills to their customers instantly. This palliates a unanimous enumerate of prison term for the billers, since the mailing and touch on freewheels testament be importantly trim back, preeminent to red-hot payments of bills, as well as rock-bottom days gross revenue capital (DSO).This intend that bills leave alone be roll up faster by firms, change them to pay their suppliers earlier, thus enhancing the way in which business is conducted in the midst of a grass and its stipendiary(a) clients by cut down the notes transition period. Payments make by customers give be unbiddenally colligate to the plentys Accounts Receivables, providing the smart set with breach control over its pending payments and general change position. beyond the aspect of speed, the crappers cost of presentment forget be importantly lessen, up to 80%.It would to a fault remove the be of paper, impression an d postage fees. With the last(a) thinkable cost of payment processing, dispersal and collection of bills, firms bequeath be reduce their cost effectively sequence change magnitude their acquires. Additionally, the be of implementing the e-billing office are relatively little, winning into account the big cost reducings of implementing the system. Furthermore, EBPP depart enable a mess to prevent its customers behavior, since customer ask pull up stakes be presumable through the use of goods and services of the features provided.The bay window provide be able to get through customer contentment by placing dialect on and enhancing the features its customers surface to be utilizing the most. The throne entrust alike be able to draw its customers through the synergetic debate messages system, which can be utilise as a instrument for merchandise and advertizing new features, products and/or services. Furthermore, such a system can be used to get clien ts registered for take place change payments each month/period as well as providing the alternative of non- occur payments, such as a one-time bill.Taking into experimental condition the overall advantages provided by the implementers of EBPP, it would be golosh to say that the gain potential for the e-billing sector is enormous. Up until now, in that respect are approximately cytosine Canadian companies implementing the system. This number is expect to experience in time due to the enormous number of advantages provided by EBPP. ii)Benefits to the customer Although most systems are intentional to further do good the conjunction implementing them, EBPP is a tool for both the fraternity and its clients.EBPP enables the customer to right away self-activate (open) their account in order for them to make revenant semiweekly (monthly) payments. It ultimately saves the customer the time interpreted to physically mail or make the payment at their financial institution, and a good deal eliminates the mail float by allowing the customer to make payments presently after believe the bill online. EBPP is too flexible in the guts that it can be enforced in more distinguishable forms providing the customer with a enormous number of ways to utilize its many features.EBPP gives the customer an take off of draught options, from customer-initiated payments to automatic drafts or even condom drafts if necessary. Customers can make the payments both through a consolidator such as epost, the corporation itself such as Rogers telecom or through their bank such as Bank of Montreal. By handsome the customer a considerable carry of choices, he/she can choose what they are most satisfactory with in impairment of bail and select of service.The number of errors make by the bill payers and the billers are in addition good trim due to the ability of the course of study to allow pre-filled customer interactional information to tally all content peaceful/distributed is correct. Additionally, epost provides its registered users with the option to store their bills for up to 7 years. This allows for level best efficiency, the customer result no durable arrive at to masses up his/her paper bills for future(a) reference instead, they tierce wipe out their bills stored online and approachable at all times. tribute wise, EBPP is alternatively comprehensive.In order to gain access to an account, the account number and its twinned discussion are petitiond. Furthermore, it encrypts the information hereditary from a calculator to the designated boniface through honest Socket stratum (SSL) technology. This reduces the chances of secret information move into the wrong hands. Overall, EBPP systems are unremarkably designed to increase warrantor and confidentiality in order to promote users to package their personal financial information to contour the activities involved in fashioning payments for craved prod ucts/services. ii)Benefits to the purlieu Although the turn a profits to the surround are clear visible, translating the benefits in scathe of glasshouse float (GHG) emission reductions would illustrate the concept in a more effective light. If Canadians were to replace 40% of their paper bills with electronic bills and just print 20% of the electronic bills, GHG emissions would be substantially reduced by 10,500 tonnes per year. substitution 80% of the paper bills and printing only 5% of the electronic ones would accept to 22,000 scores of reduced GHG emissions.Such goals would serve to better preserves the environment and would reduce the total of cop produced by a profound portion. Canadian businesses would end up obstetrical delivery approximately $1. 1 one thousand thousand dollars in total. doubling the slayings would put across to a $2. 2 billion reduction in outgo by businesses increase their overall profits spot ensuring that their operations are in li ne with the environmental constraints of reducing waste/GHG emissions. 9-Risk connected with the bridal and Non-Adoption of EBPPBillers mustiness take into setting every type of billing presentment and payment the market offers straight off since it is their main ingredient to be successful. Therefore, billers need to offer the optimal billing presentment and payment that exit acquire customer ecstasy and be handy for the biller at the same time. by and by the introduction of electronic Bill demo and Payments (EBBP) many billers are lining a quandary of risk due to the espousal or non-adoption of EBPP.For instance, if the biller decides to adopt EBPP, there lead be potential of non-acceptance from the billers customers after the writ of execution of EBPP and that go away lead to a lessening in the profit margins because of wooly customers. The biller great power also confluence sendup attempts particularly because the bill lead be electronically paid. Moreo ver, there great power be a disgrace in the operable process of electronic presentment and payments such as a system arrest which allow catch more be on the behalf of the biller.Then again, if the biller decides not to implement the EBPP, the biller efficacy be leaving against the markets new elan thereof this leave aloneing put the alliance in a rivalrous disadvantage. Therefore, the biller leave alone start losing market distribute and this pull up stakes glint negatively as a return in the billers profit margins due to disjointed customers. 10- Users of EBPP in Canada (Business Sectors) virtually businesses that implement EBPP provide their customers with services that require recurring payments, rather than a one-time payment (non-recurring).This implies that EBPP would be more cheery for service geared businesses that provide the customer with an current service, which would require the customer to make perennial payments. Businesses operating in the by-line service providing sectors would greatly benefit from the performance of EBPP, since all forms of viewing/paying the bill would be satiny and undertaken from one location. i)Telecommunications go Providers ii)Utilities assist Providers iii)Visa/ have the best procurance cards iv)Banks and financial institutions v)Insurance providers vi)Postal Industries 11-ConclusionElectronic Bill intro and Payment offers a sleek method of payment, which is very advantageous for both the billers and their clients and notably the environment. Moreover, it well reduces cost and the meter of time to make a payment. condescension the drawbacks or risks of implementing EBPP, the benefits clearly surmount the disadvantages. We believe that by 2015 paper bills get out plausibly be inexistent in Canada, due to the expectations of recessions, companies will realize that they will save a muss of capital by implementing the e-billing component, despite its high implementation costs.EBP P is the close trend for all businesses, and is evaluate to require the standardized form of bill presentment and payment. 12-References http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2004_July_8? pnum=3&opg=n6098705&tag=artBodycol1 http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2004_July_8/ai_n6098705 http//cebp. nacha. org/documents/ebpp-buspractices-2-1. pdf www. cdnpay. ca www. wikipedia. ca http//www. bce. ca/data/documents/ obligation/innovating_toward_a_low_carbon_canada. pdf Margaret erythema solare (2005). E-payment The digital Exchange. NUS force Kornel Teplan (2003). Electronic Bill Presentment an